I don't think it's an issue of encroachment by the Russians in the far north. As I was trying to point out—but I talk too much and go on too long—we have common interests with the Russians in the Arctic, and we need to look at developing positive relations, what used to be called confidence and security-building measures, in the Arctic with the Russians. Great power relations are a mix of competition, adversarial relations and co-operation.
I'm not overly concerned about the threat to the Arctic. What Canada needs to do is to be much clearer about where we're going to invest in the Arctic, and we have to start moving more quickly. I understand the delays, because the threat environment actually goes back to 2011, and it took a lot of political changes in the world before we started to move. That, of course, also affects the United States' thinking in this.
In terms of investments, the two radar lines are important. Do we need a third radar line further south? That may be important. Do we need additional defence mechanisms to ensure a credible “deterrence by denial” posture? My view is that, yes, we do. The government is not committed to any ground-based missile defence systems, and those need to be taken into close account.