I think that's a great question. It's one that requires a bit of an understanding of how complex this space is right now. There's a lot going on that contributes to our domain awareness at the ground level up, or the sea level up.
We have Inuit marine monitors who go out as part of a Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated program to keep their eyes on vehicle traffic. That New Zealand sailing boat that moved to the Northwest Passage was first spotted by Bobby Klengenberg of Cambridge Bay, who is an Inuit marine monitor. He got eyes on it from his cabin. He's one of Calvin's friends.
Second, there's the Coast Guard Auxiliary. They get the boats on the water. Yes, it's for search and rescue, but why not keep an eye on maritime traffic and on potential trouble spots, etc.?
Of course, the Canadian Rangers do this as well. They get out on the land, both as regular citizens who report back things they see to ranger headquarters, and also on actual exercises and operations.