I thank the member for her question, Mr. Chair.
I can respond. First, with respect to NATO's capabilities, we have offensive cyber capabilities, but we use them very rarely.
We're a values-based alliance and we're a defensive alliance. Engaging in the kind of irresponsible, offensive cyber-activities that we see some of our would-be adversaries engaging in is not something that we're willing to do. We have the capacity, but it's not something that we're willing to do.
What we try to do is call out through attribution, which is primarily a national responsibility. You have examples of joined-up attribution. Canada is very often part of those, and it's an approach that we support. There are allies that prefer to see national attribution, so it's something that is proceeded on a case-by-case basis. We saw it in the cyber-attacks in the UK, for example.