We expect that in full-field development we would recycle an amount approaching 100% of the water in Quebec. Just to help put that into some context, every shale has a different mineralogy and every shale therefore has a flowback water that will have a different mineral and chemical content. When you read, in North American contexts, about the flowback water, it is important to understand that it is local to the shale you are talking about.
I have seen that in northeast B.C. people are looking at treatment facilities, because of the amount of solids that come back in that water. I am not personally familiar with it; I have just read about it.
In Quebec, I am personally familiar with the tests of the flowback water. One of those tests was submitted in the Quebec Oil and Gas Association memoir to the BAPE, as an example. All of them are submitted to treatment facilities and to MDDEP, but the flowback water in Quebec, because of the mineralogy of the Utica shale, is very clean. It would actually meet the standards for storm water, if it weren’t that it is too high in salt. This makes it a very easy water to recycle, because the salt is actually a positive contributor to not damaging the shale formations.
We fully expect that we’ll be very successful in recycling, but I would mention that right now, because we are just in the exploration phase, we are only drilling one well at a time. You can’t recycle the water to the next well, because we are only drilling one. That would apply when we are drilling more than one well at a time.