If you were to look at today's current differential between WTI pricing and Edmonton pricing as far as bitumen is concerned, the suggestion would be that upgrading does not make a lot of sense, primarily because there isn't enough value in that basis differential to support it.
However, historically, the basis has been in the $15 to $20 per barrel range. That by itself, if that were to be the case in the future, would support upgrading here in Alberta and sending refined petroleum products to the United States.
That definitely would add to a national strategy of employment. That is not just employment in Alberta. Since upgraders and refineries utilize components that are sourced from Ontario and Quebec, that would definitely assist in those businesses. Second, there are additional structural products; namely, steel, structural beams and stuff like that, which would have indirect and induced employment in Ontario and Quebec.
The thing I would be concerned about is the northern tier refiners in the United States. If they were not receiving Canadian bitumen, that means they would be looking for feedstocks out of the Gulf of Mexico, which then would put refined petroleum products on a very head-to-head competition in the northern tier states, and I'm not sure of the outcome of that.