My answer is yes. I wouldn't exactly call it magic. I'd call it black magic, not in the sense that more scientific investigation needs to be done, but that more technology needs to be developed.
Let me be very specific. In regard to the liquid waste stream, the fluids, the flowback fluids and so-called brines and produced waters, which the industry uses interchangeably to describe the liquid waste--flowback water, brine, produced water--it is different from what is produced from an oil well or from a conventional well. It cannot be taken to a public waste water treatment plant and then dumped into a river. It contains something more than salt. It contains heavy metals. It contains some amount of naturally occurring radioactive materials, which are signatures of shale gas. Public waste water treatment plants are not equipped to remove those materials from the waste stream. There are no facilities in the State of New York currently licensed to remove such materials from the waste stream from an unconventional shale gas well. That is one of the reasons why we have a moratorium in New York.
New York will not issue a permit for the development using high-volume slick-water hydraulic fracturing of gas from shale in New York until the permit holder can show where the waste stream will be disposed of properly. So until the technologies are developed--and they are developing--where high volumes of this waste stream can be treated correctly for what's in it, we stand by our moratorium.