In the Northwest Territories, because we do have a lot of mining, the Mine Training Society has been beneficial to the north, as have been the apprenticeship programs. I'm not familiar with other apprenticeship programs and funding throughout Canada. I do know that the apprenticeship program does work in the Northwest Territories—often too well, as apprentices are trained and then they leave the north. Could more be done for retention? Absolutely.
But early childhood development does need to be tackled, and you're right that more incentives need to be provided earlier than grades 11 and 12.