I have a set of three questions I'm going to put to Mr. McGowan and Mr. Burt. I went through some of your report, Mr. Burt—thank you very much—which notes that by far it's Alberta, my province, that's benefiting from the oil and gas sector by perhaps a thousandfold if not a hundredfold. But there is an area that is a mounting deficit, and that's the environmental deficit.
My question would probably be to you, Mr. Burt, but Mr. McGowan might like to speak to this. What percentage of the investment The Conference Board of Canada has reported in the oil and gas sector is being spent on environmental controls, climate action, and reclamation including employment?
My second related question is, who is actually benefiting economically from the delayed duty to reclaim, the delayed duty to reduce greenhouse gases, and the delayed duty to reduce, for example, PAH emissions? In other words, it's a perverse subsidy right now. Somebody is obviously benefiting by that. Who is getting the economic benefit? I think that's plenty.
I went to the NSERC presentation yesterday. There's a lot of good investment in research in the lab. But what I'm hearing when I go to the oil sands trade shows is that there are delays in the uptake or the creation of jobs in manufacturing in Canada because there's no regulatory driver, including in pipelines, so you might want to speak to that.
Maybe Mr. Burt, first.