I was going to try to answer in French but my children tell me all the time, “Mom, when you speak French,
it hurts our ears.”
Certainly I will try to do a bit of both.
In particular, I think there are regulatory challenges in enhancing the maximal amount of export from Canada of the cleanest, greenest energy to the United States.
Between provinces, predominantly there are intertie constraints that are problematic, as well as differences in the intertie capabilities—AC versus DC—particularly between Ontario and Quebec. If you look at those dots on the map when you eventually get it, we want to go from small dot to big dot. Really, with the exception of Alberta and Saskatchewan, it looks like it's going north-south, and it should be going north-south.
What are some of the regulatory barriers?
In terms of how we schedule and connect our markets, there are a number of issues associated with what we call “uplift” charges and how that is applied and used in the context of exporting.
Number two is in relation to facilitating what we need when we need it to go south of the border. With our storage assets, we have this disconnect between being charged retail costs when we're loading and charging only wholesale costs when we're discharging. That's problematic.
Number three is not having the associated benefit of an overarching policy and integration between some of the IESOs, the IESO in Ontario in particular, and PJM. That is problematic. There are a number of rules that need to be harmonized between the FERC and the IESO. We've done a bit of this with FERC 686 historically. We have more work to do in that regard.
Those are a number of regulatory barriers that we really do need to address.