I'll suggest that it is in part a question of constitutional law. Sections 91 and 92 have to be interpreted in relation to each other. Parliament has certain heads of legislative power under section 91 and the provinces under section 92.
When you look at the criminal law power, for instance, it clearly can be used to protect the environment, but we know, for instance, that the provinces have very strong jurisdiction over natural resources and the development of natural resources. Production falls very squarely in that.
I think it's absolutely a reasonable conclusion for Parliament to say, well, maybe in a hypothetical world in five years we can produce oil and gas and not have emissions, so we don't need to criminalize the production of oil and gas per se, but we criminalize and prohibit emissions, and we work on reducing emissions, and that's our goal. That's a valid use of the federal criminal law power. It is not a valid federal use of the criminal law power to micromanage production within the provinces. It might seem....
I'll leave it there.