Thank you. That's an excellent question. And right now, it is the subject of much debate among researchers. There is no official definition, per se, as to what an anglophone or a francophone actually is.
In the past, Statistics Canada used to base its definition of the word francophone on the criteria of the mother tongue, which is the definition in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and in the Official Languages Act. This is the first language learned at home in one's childhood and still understood at the time of the census. However, since 1991—