Maybe I'll answer the last question first, which is that there is no federal equivalent to the automotive innovation fund in the U.S. The support that takes place in the U.S. in terms of attracting automotive investment is at the state level. That's usually a combination of either direct subsidies, tax abatements, land and infrastructure, as well as training support.
In terms of the automotive sector, I guess the first thing to note is that the industry has continued to grow. As I've mentioned, there has been investment by all the five assemblers, as well as by suppliers in Canada, but it's not without competitive challenges. At the end of the day, it is a sector where many jurisdictions do try to attract this type of investment.
It may be useful to walk through what we consider to be Canada's value proposition of why people invest. The automotive innovation fund, as you noted, has to date had a billion dollars allocated to that program. Not all of it has been invested to date, but what has been invested to date has leveraged about $2.8 billion from investments in the private sector, including the Ontario government. What we also have is a number of programs that support research and development in the auto sector. I'll just name a couple of organizations federally: the National Research Council and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. They provide R and D support, as well as more generous tax credits that also flow to a number of sectors under the scientific research and experimental development tax credit.
Another thing I should note as well is the investment climate. It is one with lower corporate tax rates, which have been cited by many auto companies in terms of being attractive, as well as a workforce that continues to produce high-quality vehicles because of high skills.
I'll maybe just mention on that point that J.D. Power, which is a leading firm that assesses quality.... One-third of all awards that have ever been given have been given to plants in Canada, which is much higher than the proportion of the production that we have.
Maybe the last thing very quickly—