It's a big issue for all provinces and territories, but I agree with Dr. Young. It is bottom-up. It starts with the individual, then goes to the municipal level. In all provinces and territories, the emphasis is always at the municipal emergency planning capacity level, so they are engaged. They have to be engaged and they are fundamentally engaged in all provinces and territories.
The lack of mention within the bill doesn't negate the reality of the way this country has built its bottom-up emergency management system. Are there ways to improve that? Sure, there are always ways to improve it. But I think you'll find by and large that the strength of the emergency management system in this country is at the municipal level because of that recognition that each province invests at the municipal level.
And Dr. Young is absolutely right. In terms of making sure an emergency management system works correctly during an event, you can't have a federal government jumping to a municipal government and missing the province in between. It's a seamless process, but municipalities are the fundamental cornerstone.