You could say that there are two types of people who become subject to a certificate, two types of foreign nationals or permanent residents. Some of them enjoy conventional refugee status. Those individuals do not apply for a pre-removal risk assessment or PRRA, because they've been deemed to be a refugee. But those who do not have conventional refugee status are entitled under IRPA to apply for pre-removal risk assessment. The assessment will assess whether or not they face harm in their source country--torture or other forms of serious harm or ill treatment. If they're granted protection under the PRRA process and they're subject to a certificate that's been found to be reasonable, there would be a deferral of removal in their case, if there's a potential for harm in their source country.
On November 27th, 2007. See this statement in context.