Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.
Through you to the witness, thank you for making yourself available, Professor Schafer.
I'm going to start off with referring to the previous witness. There was a discussion as to whether or not you can achieve savings within a deployed police force with a reduction in certain personnel. In my past I was with a deployed police force. We were able to do that by three police detachments within a smaller jurisdiction combining their administration. You can reduce the number of administrative personnel and ancillary civilian jobs while keeping the same number of front-line police officers in the field.
Of particular interest to me—in some of the biography I read and some of the issues that you've dealt with—are different forms of criminal justice, and, of course, the time a person is with the police. Before I left policing some dozen or so years ago, the Ontario criminal justice system was adopting the restorative justice regime. I think its roots were in New Zealand through the Maori, the healing circles. It had to do with positive shaming. The victim and the person with the anti-social type behaviour would be put in the same room. They would not go through the criminal justice system. That relieved in the future the person's quasi-criminal or anti-social behaviour, and thus reduced costs.
I wonder if you've looked at that at all in your studies.