In answer to the first question as to how the intercorrelation between drug addiction and mental health problems gives rise to more people being in prisons, or with those problems, there are multiple pathways to that in people's lives. We see some people who develop a primary mental illness and who self-medicate to some degree with drugs or alcohol, particularly cannabis, which drives both criminal behaviour and mental ill health.
So you wind up with people in prison with both problems. They have whatever the symptoms of mental illness and distress they may be suffering, but they also have problems of addiction and poor patterns of using drugs to cope with symptoms of illness, which actually, perversely, exacerbate the very problems, coupled, then, with the withdrawal from those effects. You get a complex mix of addiction, withdrawal, and the loss of the health-damaging mechanisms that the person has developed, as well as the mental health problem. Those things wind up getting bound together.
It's not a matter of treating only one. You must be able to address both, as well as the criminogenic drivers from whatever the attitude sets are, and the criminal thinking that the people have as well. People will continue to seek drugs within prison, and that may lead to problems of security, of mental instability, of violence, and of standover tactics and vulnerability and so on that can emerge in that regard, which places security risks between inmate and staff, and there's an inmate-to-inmate violence risk as well. So clearly, being able to address across those multiple levels is very important to both screen for and address health and addiction problems in different ways at different phases of the process while they're in custody.
You made reference to families and community reintroduction at the end. Clearly, whatever those processes are that have gone on within prison, they need to relate to the reintegration approaches that are taken at the end, so that whatever gains may have been achieved during imprisonment are able to be transferred to the community. We're not terribly good at that at the moment, and that's not a Canada-specific statement; that's an international statement.