Yes they are. There are two classifications of special constables. One classification represents employees of the Toronto Police Service. Others are in other sectors, universities, for example, hospitals, and maybe Toronto housing. They are subject to our police services board scrutiny. They face the same jeopardy as any other person who might engage in misconduct. So they're subject to provincial law, they're subject to criminal law, and of course they're also subject to their employers' rules and regulations.
So internally like the OPP, while the special constable may not be subject to the provisions of the Office of the Independent Police Review Director or the Special Investigations Unit, he or she is subject to the same scrutiny and discipline, but it's applied by Toronto Police. Here the penalties for civilian members, of which our special constables are part, include dismissal for serious misconduct. It is summary dismissal and it's not subject to a hearing that a police officer must be subject to. The due process for a police officer is encoded in the police act in Ontario, whereas the due process for a special constable is subject to the Employment Standards Act and Ministry of Labour conditions, that is, the normal employer-employee conditions that are recognizable across most sectors.