Thank you for the question.
Frankly, I think I may have done Madame Michaud a disservice earlier, because I think that's what she was getting at in terms of IMVE and terrorism and where the two somewhat meet. The question that was just asked about Canadian extremist travellers touched on that issue as well.
These are not mutually exclusive categories, and it's a very complex situation. In order to address ideologically motivated violent extremism, religiously motivated violent extremism and all the various things that we're now starting to define, we need to make best use of the tools that we have at our disposal.
The Criminal Code listing regime is one of those tools. I think we've been talking about national security criminal investigations, or CSIS investigations, as other potential tools. You have the Secure Air Travel Act, which is another tool. We have the terrorism peace bond provision. These are all tools to help us deal with the evolution of the threats that we're seeing.
Up until 2019, as you rightly point out, ideologically motivated violent extremism, as such, was not part of an entity that had been listed until then. Canada was one of the first Five Eyes countries to actually list—as you point out, back in 2019—these types of groups. Earlier this year, we added another four groups.
I think that shows there's a trend, an identification that, for the Criminal Code definition of what terrorist activity is in order to be able to list an entity, these IMVE groups are starting to meet that threshold. As they meet that threshold, we're starting to list those entities, which is yet another tool to bring to bear on being able to deal with them.