We just have to look at the complaints that are filed, whether with human rights commissions or with commissions that receive complaints about police misconduct.
I must point out a caveat. Most human rights commissions, at least the Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse in Quebec, do not have policies on systemic racism. So when complaints related to systemic racism are filed, we don't know how they will be handled. I think it's imperative that we establish policies or guidelines to better deal with complaints and then determine the documentation process.
We have a snapshot of the data from the Canadian Human Rights Commission. For example, it is a little difficult to identify the complaints on systemic racism, particularly with respect to services, because there is also systemic discrimination in employment or in services. I believe that the Canadian Human Rights Act, among others, needs to be amended eventually because section 5 of the current act does not allow for a clear systemic approach to services. Section 10 of the act does allow for a systemic approach to the classification of discrimination in employment.
Finally, on the quantitative level, I believe that we must find a better way—