I think we can over-engineer a solution, to put it quite simply.
I hear a lot of conversations about the need for better media literacy, for example. I know that there has been a lot of faith put into initiatives, some directed by Google, to do prebunking, particularly for foreign information operations, and frankly, I think a lot of those models couldn't hurt, but I think the single greatest thing we can do to fight foreign information operations— and just to keep hitting this drum—is attribution.
More than that, if I can just extend this a little bit, it is to build faith that if these operations happen, the government, our security services or both will tell us. Beyond that is building faith in our responsible media, given some of the testimony we've heard today. Our responsible media is very, very important.
There have been, I think, some very careless comments made over the last year around the issue of foreign interference that suggest that journalists in Canada are on the take for China or other countries. I think that does a lot of damage at a time when we need to be investing faith and trust in media, especially when they earn it, to help us combat these malign foreign efforts. This is doubly true for the social media platforms where some of this fake content lives and exists and in some cases thrives.
This is all to say that doing this sort of psychological defence is super-important, but I think we need to make sure that the public can have faith that they are being told the whole truth about who's targeting us, and when and how it's happening.