This relates very much to the way I see an IMVE threat in Canada and globally. I don't see it as focused on groups. I see it much more as loose movements and a set of ideologies. I think this actually applies across that political spectrum for IMVE actors depending on whatever it is they're attacking. We tend to not see those organizational structures.
This impacts our ability to investigate those actors. I prefer the term “lone actor” because “lone wolf” tends to glorify the actors themselves a little bit.
Without that structure it makes it more difficult to combat the threat. It's not impossible. There's been really important work done, particularly by CSIS, my former organization, on indicators and mobilization to violence, but it is an ongoing challenge.