Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Members of the committee, it's a pleasure to be with you today to discuss the rise and evolution of ideologically motivated violent extremism.
For the past two years, this type of extremism has obviously been heavily influenced by the COVID‑19 pandemic, as evidenced by the anti-health measure movement here, in Canada.
As mentioned by other witnesses, what sets these movements apart is that they are highly decentralized and globalized, making crowdfunding a natural avenue for fundraising. These movements are not made up of very large groups that can rally a large number of people. They also do not have a hierarchical structure, as was the case in previous decades in relation to extremism and counterterrorism.
Fundraising aside, ideas travel around the world with ease, resonating with people. The influence of the U.S. on far-right movements in Quebec and Canada has often been cited, but the opposite is also true. The so-called freedom convoy in Ottawa illustrated that events in Canada were having an impact all over the world. Ideas spread very quickly, finding an echo.
It's not surprising that ideologically motivated extremism grew or became more defined during the pandemic. Periods of crises are always conducive to radicalization and the emergence of extremism because they exacerbate certain vulnerability factors. Consequently, the pool of people willing to pay attention to extremist views or ideologies expands. Some of the main vulnerability factors that came into play were social isolation, fear of the unknown and anxiety stemming from the pandemic, which can drive people to adopt preconceived and extreme views, as well as extreme solutions.
The polarization of public debate is another consideration. Not only do elected officials play a role, but so do the media and all public figures. Politicizing public health measures has led to deep polarization and great uncertainty throughout the population. When issues become polarized, it tends to bring about vulnerability factors and radicalization more quickly, and exacerbate them.
The Centre for the Prevention of Radicalization Leading to Violence has solutions. Based in Montreal, the centre promotes prevention through education, outreach and support for individuals in the process of being radicalized and their friends and family. We take a prevention-based approach.
Thus far, the vast majority of anti-health measure activists have not engaged in violence. Most of the violence observed revolves around online threats, which are serious and should be treated accordingly. Prevention can play a tremendous role, since great anxiety and a heightened sense of insecurity and marginalization are factors. I encourage you to think about that.
Thank you. I would be pleased to answer your questions.