As to knowing if Russia was successful or not or if we did indeed counter an attack, I think those questions should be addressed to the Communications Security Establishment. They would be able to answer you. Our committee has not really looked at the attacks carried out over the last two or three weeks.
The case studies that we have put forward illustrate how sophisticated foreign state actors and other actors can be. In some cases, the attacks have taken place on a federal organization. They were completely unaware of it, and were only informed of it by CSE after the fact. In some cases, under new powers the government has given some companies in our essential systems, a private sector company can now come to the Minister of National Defence and ask for authorization to deploy CSE capacity to help stop a problem with a critical infrastructure company.