It is also important to keep in mind the perspective of the complainant, who is on the receiving end of a decision made by someone in a position of power. We are talking about people who are usually vulnerable, who come from countries where authorities are not looked upon favourably. It's hard for someone like that to complain to an officer's supervisor because that supervisor is connected to the person who caused the harm. I don't think that would be a useful process for complainants.
On June 2nd, 2023. See this statement in context.