Thank you for your question.
As a person who has been in different universities from coast to coast in Canada, I have had the experience of working with PSAC as well, so I understand that their support is really important and it's really vital to get things done and moving forward faster, but the fact is, there has to be a union in a university.
If we look at the U15 universities in Canada, out of those U15, we see that two have knowledge of CAPS and 10 have post-doctoral associations and also unions, but five of them do not.
Please remember that is the U15, and that there are 61 institutions in Canada that have post-docs. There are the small universities. If I'm talking about Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax or the University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, all of them are smaller universities, and they definitely do not have unions or associations.
That's definitely a problem. In those cases, if PSAC ever reaches out to those people—and maybe they will not, because of the low number of post-docs—it will be a hard job to get a collective agreement established in the university to ensure they are receiving their rights in the right way.
I would say that PSAC is very helpful. I do not have enough knowledge to speak about Carleton, which you just talked about, but I would say that for Dalhousie, where I was before, what we received from PSAC was very important and very supportive. I wish that would be the case for all the provinces in Canada and all the universities.