I don't fully agree that there is a shortage of Ph.D.s. I think there is an oversupply of Ph.D.s, and I think that the difficulty is matching the talent to the jobs. As I said in my opening statement, between 80% to 90% of Ph.D. holders will not find permanent jobs in academia. I think that's partially because the vast majority of people who do Ph.D.s want to find a job in academia. There is this process that I think a lot of Ph.D.s and postdocs go through where they learn that maybe a job in academia isn't the be-all and end-all of their career and that there are other equally worthwhile and rewarding careers outside academia.
I think that integrating this into our training programs is something that is really important and could better help people match their expectations and job searches as they develop during their Ph.D.s and through their early postdoctoral years.