We don't know.
If you look at the list of IP that's coming out of Canadian universities, it's being assigned to organizations like Huawei. It's artificial intelligence, it's photonics, and it's advanced processing. Somebody needs to understand this, and we need to get to the bottom of it.
There's a transparency issue here. We don't know who or what is being done with Canadian publicly funded research, and there are egregious examples that we need to make sure are not happening. There are policies in place, but the fox is in charge of the henhouse. The researcher who wants to get the money is the one checking the boxes to say that there's no issue here. They're not security experts either, so they're not trained on what the geopolitical issues they need to be looking for are. They don't have that expertise. We need somebody to do that proper governance.