There's a lot to say about that. I don't like drawing comparisons with Germany or the U.S., but it's hard not to.
In terms of business R and D expenditures, Canada is in free fall. I think we were at less than 1.5% in 2021, so very little investment is happening at the industry level.
The federal government wants to set up a research organization similar to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, in the U.S. It could adopt a model whereby R and D investment supported the creation of innovative technologies, while contributing to significant purchasing power. As you know, DARPA's success is thanks to the American defence sector. Federally, the U.S. allocates a very large share of departmental budgets to R and D.
That is a way to support innovation and commercialization of those inventions, while putting them in the government's hands. Many groundbreaking innovations have been commercialized and are now being used in cell phones, GPS being just one.