Thank you.
You asked about international models. There are things that are a challenge in the Canadian context. As an example, in other countries, there's a much more active role for the private sector in supporting academic research, and academic research for its own sake, but also in terms of the collaborations between academia and industry. You can look at a country like Germany, for example. There's a lot of that kind of collaboration and investment that happens from the private sector and that certainly does augment this.
It has been a perpetual challenge here in Canada. We have a very different industry structure, risk tolerance and size of firm, and that makes it challenging, but I think there is the question of whether we can actually bring the private sector more into this, both to support the research and also for its long-term prosperity. I think that is one element.
There has also been a lot of focus on thinking about early career researchers and how, for those who choose to stay in academia, you make that transition from graduate student to faculty member. Some countries have an intermediate stage in careers and have funding that's associated with that as you're making that transition. Again, there are different funding models for that.
Also, for those who don't stay in academia, there's how you improve those successful transitions, because the majority of graduate students don't become academics. You want to make sure they have the skills they need, in addition to their intellectual capital and their analytical skills, to actually be able to plug into the workforce more broadly.