The valley of death is actually populated by a number of different issues that need to be addressed. The first is to ensure that the funding is in place to ensure that the development of the research ideas are there to begin with.
Also, there is a need to ensure that there is a deeper association with industry so that, as we're training our next set of graduates, as we're conducting the research experiments to look at this, we have a vision or an eye on getting across that valley. What is needed by industry to ensure that the ideas that are brought forward can be operationalized and moved forward? To do that, you need to have industry involved at the very early stages as well.
Again, returning to the biomanufacturing initiative as an example of that, this is something that is being tightly interwoven at the very beginning of research to try and understand how we support this better. It's incremental change, but it's at multiple different steps.