Where you would see this on our campus is when male faculty members are promoted to associate professor or full professor faster than their female colleagues. There's typically a $2,000 pay increase with those promotions. So if female professors are taking longer to reach those promotion milestones, maybe due to things like parental leave, then you would see that gap.
One of the things that have been identified by us as a means to address that is research funding for female professors returning from parental leave, recognizing that time away from the workplace. Sometimes the programs of research stagnate and they need a little bit of an investment to get those going again.