Thank you very much, Ms. Jaczek, for the question.
In fact, we've been working a lot. We've been working with the U15 and we've been working also with Universities Canada. More than that, to answer the colleagues before and some of the criticism, we have created what they call the Government of Canada-universities working group. Why? We want to make sure that what we put in is something that's fit for purpose and that we work collaboratively with universities, with experts and with intelligence agencies to make sure.
I would say that we've consulted broadly. When you talk to university presidents or associations, they will say that they welcome what we've done, because since 2021 you have, for the first time in Canada's history, despite what the Conservatives may say, national security guidelines. That's something the previous government failed to do. Now there is something, and it's a first for Canada. They should be applauding and saying thank God someone has been doing something to make sure we have national security guidelines in Canada.
We not only did that; to your point, we put in $160 million for a research security centre. Why? Because the universities asked for help. They told us it's very complex out there. They need resources. They need people. So we did that.
This year we're going to have an enhanced security posture. It will apply to all the granting agencies. We'll come with lists to make sure it's easy for the researchers to be able to identify whether or not that's a partnership they should pursue. I would say that if you look at Five Eyes, which we and our colleagues around the world are working with, they will tell you that Canada, with the framework we have and the lists we'll be publishing, is going to be best in class.