Evidence of meeting #19 for Science and Research in the 45th Parliament, 1st session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was chair.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

Members speaking

Before the committee

Gupta  Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, As an Individual
D'Agostino  Professor, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, As an Individual
Murphy  Vice-President, Research and Innovation, University of British Columbia
Christidis  President and Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Nuclear Association
Pineau  Chief AI Officer, Cohere Inc.
Bradley  President and Chief Executive Officer, Electricity Canada

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Tony Baldinelli Conservative Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Thank you to my colleagues.

I'm very sympathetic to the disappointment expressed by my colleague from the Bloc. He proposed the motion several days ago. In fact, if we had settled upon the motion he had put forward then, we could have had the minister appear in a timely manner. My understanding is that the minister is appearing before another committee this week. If we had settled on this motion, we probably could have had the minister appearing here as well. Unfortunately, that hasn't occurred.

I also have a question about the procedural aspects. The motion my colleague wants to bring forward is about having the minister appear to talk about her mandate and other issues. Is that a notice of motion he'll be tabling today? Today, we're looking at AI, so it's out of the scope of what we're supposed to be doing today.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

I can clarify that. I made the announcement that the minister is appearing before the committee. It was related to that. That's why it can—

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Tony Baldinelli Conservative Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON

Again, from a procedural standpoint, I agree with the disappointment and the questions the Bloc member has. If we had resolved this motion days ago, which we should have done, the minister would be appearing. Now we hear she won't be able to appear until after the G7.

Why is it that, at first, she refused to appear before another committee, and yet will appear? I certainly have some—

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

I'm sorry for interrupting. I want to clarify one thing.

We were debating that motion and I was trying to suspend the meeting, but the meeting was adjourned so that we could hear from the chief science officer.

11:15 a.m.

Conservative

Tony Baldinelli Conservative Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON

The motion could be brought up again, and it may be brought up again, because we asked in that motion for the minister to appear before December 15, before we break for the Christmas holidays.

From our side, I have nothing but disappointment to express to the government side. We could have handled this much more smoothly and to the benefit of all members concerned. I don't think that happened, Madam Chair. That's the disappointment. That did not happen.

From my standpoint, I still have concerns. I still believe that we should at least try to see if we can get the minister here before the Christmas break—if not then, in the new year.

Again, if we had handled this correctly, we could have had the minister appear as well as the minister of AI, who we're getting on Wednesday. I agree with the disappointment that's been expressed by my colleague.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

We'll go to MP Noormohamed and then MP Rana.

Taleeb Noormohamed Liberal Vancouver Granville, BC

I have to admit that I'm a little bit surprised.

First of all, with the greatest of respect

for my Bloc Québécois colleague, it's important not to look for conspiracy theories.

We wanted the Minister of Industry to appear before the committee. I received the information from the chair at the same time as all of you did.

On that basis, I put forward a motion that I thought would deal with the issue, which was, I thought, that we wanted the Minister of Industry to appear. Now I'm hearing that this is not what people want. They want to argue over a motion.

If people want to argue over a motion versus having the minister here, that's their prerogative. I had understood that the desire was to get the minister here as quickly as possible. Over the objection of my colleagues, as some of you will have heard, I put this February 5 date in, not February 28, to try to see if we could get her in over the first four meetings we have once we come back.

To my mind, if we can get her before then, that's great. It doesn't say that it has to be in January or that it has to be in February. It says that it's at the earliest possible date but not after February 5. If the idea is that you want to bring the minister here, let's do it.

Just to be clear, we put on the table ways in which to improve that motion that was put forward before. In particular, it was, look, you already have Minister Solomon coming on Wednesday to discuss this particular issue in the scope of his work—in the scope of the work of this study—and by extension you could discuss the scope because it relates to this. Madame Joly's mandate has nothing to do with the study.

The request we were trying to make at the last meeting when we got into this debate in the first place—when, by the way, we could have, to Mr. Baldinelli's point, resolved it, but there seemed to be no desire to come to a compromise on this—was to say that we have him coming, and let's produce a separate motion that invites Minister Joly to come on her mandate and not necessarily part of this study.

Frankly, I don't want to limit the scope of my inquiry of Minister Joly to just this particular study. I would like to talk to her about many other things. I am sure that members opposite probably want to ask her about more than just AI in this country. By jamming it into that motion and into this study, we are limiting our own ability to ask the minister questions. This may surprise members opposite, but members on this side would also like to know certain things that expand outside the scope of this particular study from the Minister of Industry.

The intention at that time was to say, look, let's not be silly with this. Let's deal with the Minister of AI, who is coming on Wednesday. We don't need to worry about adding him to the motion. We have a date. We have an appearance. We're ready to dance on that. We don't have a date for Minister Joly, but now we have an understanding that she is coming. She's offered to come. We know that she has said she wants to come. Instead of playing in theory, let's now nail her down to a date to be able to come. Let's do that in a timely fashion. Let's work as a group to be able to get that done.

If that's the focus, Madam Chair, if that's what people want.... That's what I was trying to do. I have to say that I really take umbrage at this idea that somehow we're trying to jam Monsieur Blanchette-Joncas from moving this. If he wants to move the very same motion that I have proposed, that's great. Let him do that. I would gladly support it. What I'm not going to support, what we're not going to support, and what I would imagine members opposite probably don't want to support, is a motion that limits their ability to ask questions to just the scope of this particular study.

There's this notion that it's a conspiracy theory. Using language like “banana republic” makes for a great clip, but I'm not sure it resonates with where people are. If people are looking for serious conversations happening in this committee....

By and large, Madam Chair, I would say we've done a pretty good job in this committee of making sure we're staying on point and staying on the issues we have. I really dislike the fact that we have two witnesses to whom I would love to be asking questions right now—

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

There are three.

Voices

Oh, oh!

Taleeb Noormohamed Liberal Vancouver Granville, BC

I'm sorry. There are three witnesses to whom I would like to be asking questions right now.

I do have to make the point that we went through and wasted a whole bunch of time. We could have suspended that meeting. Instead, we adjourned so that we wouldn't waste the time of the national science adviser. We're back in the same conversation now.

Again, I will say to my colleague opposite that if he's interested in having the minister come on something beyond the scope of just this study, that's the motion I've presented. I've put the most aggressive date possible on the basis of what we know in terms of when this committee is sitting. Let's pass that motion. Let's get a date from the minister. Let's move on to getting to the witnesses—or, we can discuss this until the cows come home. I'm certain we have the capacity to do that in this group, but that choice I leave to my colleagues opposite.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

I have quite a list.

MP Rana.

Aslam Rana Liberal Hamilton Centre, ON

Thank you, Madam Chair.

As my colleague already mentioned, the minister has confirmed that she is coming. I think we should not waste our time. We should move forward. We already have three witnesses here. We just need the time frame for when she is appearing. We only have three more meetings left before our break. As Taleeb mentioned, the date of, I think, February 5 is not too far. We should wait for that date, and we should move forward right now.

Thank you.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

Thank you.

Next I have MP Deschênes-Thériault.

I would like to welcome MP Deschênes-Thériault to the committee. Now he will be the permanent member for the science and research committee.

Welcome. The floor is yours.

Guillaume Deschênes-Thériault Liberal Madawaska—Restigouche, NB

Thank you very much, Madam Chair.

I'm pleased to join the work of this committee. I think that, together, we can have constructive discussions to advance science and research in Canada; at least, I hope so.

As the chair just mentioned, I'm a new member of the committee. I just arrived. I have taken the time to read the various information brought to the committee's attention in the digital binder.

This morning, opposition members expressed a desire to hear from the Minister of Industry so that she could talk to us about her mandate in relation to the 2025 budget, which was tabled at the beginning of November. It includes significant investments in research and calls for innovation.

I think it's extremely relevant to hear from the minister so that she can talk about those investments and so that committee members can ask her questions and better understand the direction and details of certain investments.

It appears that the minister's office informed the chair that the minister was willing to meet with committee members, provide them with those details and discuss her mandate with them. The chair informed committee members that the minister had responded positively to the invitation to appear before the committee. That's a favourable response, then, and it's good news. It's a sign of openness and co-operation on the part of the government.

My colleague Mr. Noormohamed then moved a motion to ensure that this meeting wouldn't take place too late. Since we don't want to hear about the minister's mandate in April or May, it's important to set a date. The motion before us states that it would be no later than February 5, that is, during the first two weeks after Parliament resumes.

The committee already has a busy schedule over the coming weeks, but we have witnesses today whom I would very much like to hear from. In fact, I took the time to prepare my first questions for this committee meeting, and I have a whole series of questions to ask regarding this important study on artificial intelligence.

The Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation will be appearing before the committee this Wednesday. This will also be extremely important, since budget 2025 includes investments in artificial intelligence. That includes $1 billion to create a sovereign cloud. I want to hear from Minister Solomon on those various issues.

However, if we also want to have the time to have a good meeting with Minister Joly, we have to give her time, and I think February 5 is a reasonable date. I would like to mention that the motion uses the phrase “on or before”, so it isn't open-ended.

If the committee wants to meet with her before February 5, there will be a four-week delay. I'll explain; there are two weeks left in the already busy schedule, and there will be another two weeks after the return from the winter break. The committee can hear from the Minister of Industry in the first or second week after the return from that break.

As a new member of the committee, I'm interested in several elements: the international recruitment strategy and the $1.7 billion in the 2025 budget to recruit experts from abroad. I want to know how that will be done, how that money will be spent, who will manage it and who the partner will be. We can discuss that with her. Of course, there's the issue of artificial intelligence, but investments in research and innovation far exceed that in the budget.

I think the committee should adopt the motion inviting Minister Joly to appear before the committee to discuss her mandate. Of course, that won't prevent members who have questions about artificial intelligence from asking her, since that's part of her mandate. However, if others wish to ask her questions about the international recruitment strategy, for example, they'll be free to do so.

I see that we all seem to agree on the importance of inviting the minister to come and speak to us soon and on the fact that we want more details on her mandate. I think my colleague's motion could easily be adopted.

When the minister appears before the committee, I'd also like to discuss the issue of advancing, promoting and supporting research in French. I know that's a priority for other members around the table as well.

Over the past few weeks, I have had constructive meetings with a number of stakeholders in the research sector. They asked me questions about that. I don't have all the answers, per se, but when the minister is here, I will ask her about it.

I'd also like to better understand how we're going to adopt a francophone lens for some of the investments that will be made in research, and how we can ensure that that happens. It should be noted that one of Canada's strengths lies in its ability to innovate and conduct research in both official languages, English and French. When the minister appears before the committee, I will certainly be interested in asking her questions about that.

Regarding the international recruitment strategy, I want to know if we've thought about how to also look for francophone talent abroad. There's cutting-edge expertise in various fields, and there are French-language international experts.

As part of that strategy, couldn't we consider a lens that would support, celebrate and promote research in French? I would like to discuss those kinds of issues with the minister. If we limit ourselves to the motion on artificial intelligence, we won't be able to ask all those important questions, and that will prevent us from having as rewarding a meeting as possible. For that reason, I'd like to insist on those points.

I think we should adopt the motion that my colleague moved this morning to invite the minister as soon as possible, that is to say, by February 5. That's a fairly short time frame. We don't want to wait until the spring, because not only do we, as parliamentarians, want to ask these questions, but we also want to be able to give proper answers to the stakeholders with whom we have relationships in the communities. My riding has college and university campuses, and I want to be able to go back home to provide them with information, some of which can be obtained during a meeting with the minister.

I may have other points to mention later, but for the moment, those are the points I wanted to add to the discussion. I think my colleague wanted to continue, so I'll stop there.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

Thank you.

I have MP Blanchette-Joncas, then MP Baldinelli and then MP Noormohamed.

Go ahead, MP Blanchette-Joncas.

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas Bloc Rimouski—La Matapédia, QC

Thank you very much, Madam Chair.

This isn't the first backpedalling I've seen from the government. I've been a parliamentarian for six years, and what I'm seeing right now is pretty classic. I have to say so for the sake of the people I represent with dignity and pride. No one has been able to tell me why today, on December 1, the Liberals are in favour of the idea of inviting the minister, while on November 24, last week, they were opposed to it.

Do you see the Liberal government's hypocrisy? There's a lot of it per square inch!

Taleeb Noormohamed Liberal Vancouver Granville, BC

On a point of order, Madam Chair—

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas Bloc Rimouski—La Matapédia, QC

When we want to speak, they seem to try to interrupt us for whatever reason—

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

We have a point of order.

MP Noormohamed.

Taleeb Noormohamed Liberal Vancouver Granville, BC

While I respect immensely the member opposite, he is misrepresenting substantially what was actually said by members on this side.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

That is not a point of order.

MP Blanchette-Joncas.

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas Bloc Rimouski—La Matapédia, QC

Madam Chair, you just heard my colleague's intervention, which once again shows his bad faith. He doesn't want to co-operate; he just wants to protect the interests of his government, which lacks transparency and a spirit of co-operation.

The motion I moved on November 24 was very clear and very explicit:

Given the mandate of the Standing Committee on Science and Research, that the committee invite the Minister of Industry, Mélanie Joly, and the Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation, Evan Salomon, to appear for at least two (2) hours each to discuss their mandate and other related matters; that these meetings take place no later than December 11, 2025; and that the committee report its findings and recommendations to the House following the meeting.

My colleague Mr. Deschênes‑Thériault just told us, “as soon as possible”. I proposed “before the end of the parliamentary session”. They want to put this off until February, several months after the budget. I repeat: It has been pushed back from November to December, then from December to January, and from January to February. That's three months later. Last week, we couldn't agree, because we wanted the committee to report its findings and recommendations to the House after the meeting. Today, I challenge Mr. Deschênes‑Thériault to find one example, since the creation of this committee that has existed since January 2021, where we discussed things that we never presented to the House. I challenge him to do that.

I'm going to use the words that my colleague Mr. Deschênes‑Thériault mentioned: “openness” and “co-operation”. I welcome him to the committee. I will gladly co-operate with him, but I will tell him what this government's openness and co-operation mean.

I've been trying to reach the Minister of Industry for a month and a half. I can't say “Minister of Science” because, as you know, the word “science” no longer appears in her title. That's a pretty good indication that she's no longer very interested in science, research and innovation. She's focusing entirely on industry, and you're hiding her away by refusing to bring her here. Is that openness and co-operation, when a parliamentarian asks the minister's office, not once but twice, for answers to their questions about the budget? Is that openness and co-operation on the part of my colleague and his government? That isn't how I see openness, co-operation and transparency.

Do you know what's still ridiculous? I'm going to say it: It's the hypocrisy surrounding what we've just experienced. On November 24, we moved a motion to bring in the minister, and committee members suddenly seem to have become responsible for her schedule. They're the ones checking to see if she's available. They're wondering if she'll be having a coffee and a muffin at such and such time or if she's going to be at this committee meeting.

Madam Chair, things have to be put back to how they should be according to the rules and procedures: The standing committees of the House of Commons are sovereign. If committee members want to invite ministers, parliamentary secretaries or other people, it isn't up to government members to check the schedule of the minister and her office.

Here's how it works, Madam Chair, and I'll let you correct me if I'm wrong. As far as I know, the committee invites the minister and her office to appear. It isn't up to my colleagues to say that they've talked to her office, that she's available, or that she's at the G7 shopping for submarines in Korea and that she'll eventually come after the holidays once she has digested her turkey and meat pie.

I understand that my colleagues are uncomfortable with the idea of having the minister appear; they want to hide her away behind a curtain. Once again, this demonstrates the government's lack of transparency and lack of understanding.

When we look at this today, there's very clear hypocrisy. Last week, they were against the motion. They were talking about the reports and saying that the committee's work shouldn't be submitted to Parliament.

Again, Madam Chair, let them give me the date, time and subject of a single committee study that would have been submitted to Parliament. There has never been one. I've been on this committee since January 2021, and we've always operated this way. Now, all of a sudden, abracadabra, that no longer has any value.

Even my colleague Mr. Noormohamed told us last week—I was stunned to hear him say it—that it was better to have the minister appear because we wouldn't have to report to Parliament, that we could post our clips on social media, and that reports didn't achieve anything anyway, since no one reads them.

Madam Chair, I still can't get over it. I shudder just talking to you about it. He said that publicly. Doesn't that show that some parliamentarians, and a government parliamentary secretary, don't care about the committee's work?

Respect for the democratic institutions of the House of Commons and Parliament is at stake. My colleague said, word for word, that people didn't read the reports. It's as if witnesses, who are here today, don't have any value in his eyes, since reading the reports is meaningless to him. In other words, they have no meaning. I'm telling him that I disagree with him. Tens of thousands of dollars, if not millions of dollars, are invested every year to conduct these important studies. They make it possible to give the government recommendations and make a difference.

That shows the government's view of democratic institutions.

In fact, the example comes from the top. There has been a new Prime Minister since last April. He barely comes to Parliament and travels all over the world. Do you know what he did last? He introduced a bill allowing him to circumvent the laws. I thought to myself that this might have happened before in the history of Canada or that it was possible in the context of a crisis. However, he's taking advantage of the crisis to advance his economic and political agenda and bypass Parliament.

I'll say it again: In June, my Conservative colleagues supported the gag order to pass Bill C‑5. I've rarely seen that in the history of Canada. Four weeks after a new Parliament was elected, the official opposition supported a gag order to get that bill passed. I would be embarrassed if I were them. I can tell you that I voted against it.

I'll come back to the matter of bypassing democratic institutions and completely ignoring science, research and evidence. I invite people to look at the budget, and I will take this opportunity to say that I'm a fact-focused person.

On page 301 of Bill C‑15, the budget 2025 implementation act, No. 1, there's the possibility for a minister to circumvent all acts of Parliament, except the Criminal Code, to advance projects of national interest. Laws no longer have any meaning in Canada. A minister could get up one morning and decide that a project is important for the national interest.

This is an unprecedented totalitarian shift. A minister would have the power to decide that a project can circumvent environmental, tax and transportation laws, and even consultation on laws for indigenous peoples, first nations. When Justin Trudeau was in power, this same government was lecturing us about truth and reconciliation. Well, what happened last week? It was a disaster for the environment and science. Votes were bought in Alberta. A new pipeline goes against—

Taleeb Noormohamed Liberal Vancouver Granville, BC

I have a point of order, Madam Chair.

The Chair Liberal Salma Zahid

Wait one second, Mr. Blanchette-Joncas. There is a point of order.

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas Bloc Rimouski—La Matapédia, QC

I understand why my colleague is uncomfortable.