I think it can chill research in two ways. One of them is by excluding sectors of the population based on their sex, ethnicity or race. The other is that, on top of the preferences, there's a regime that it is a criminal offence to criticize the policy of preferences. We've seen that in the United States and in Canada, where people who cast doubt on the policy, who argue against it, get censured, fired or cancelled. That adds another layer of chill, probably a more severe chill.
