There's a large body of work we have been doing and continue to do.
One key thing we did—and you referred to the research around young parents, young fathers—was to have a young fathers research group. We had a questionnaire, and from that a handbook was developed, really, to empower young fathers.
Another thing we did, which is key to men's programming, was cultural competence research, which we did for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The premise of that study was that if a child knew where they were coming from, if they were culturally competent and knew who they were, they were less likely to engage in self-harm activities. Our belief at Carrier Sekani Family Services is the same. If you have that cultural knowledge and that self-esteem...those are very key to any kind of programming. We have gender-specific culture camps. We have a young woman's culture camp and a young man's culture camp. After five years, we're finding that these young men actually have better outcomes and more self-esteem.
We talk about the respect. We talk about those traditional principles we live by, which somehow have been eroded due to residential schools. We have very successful culture camps for young men, through which we bring them back to the land. They go hunting. They're in the bush. They go fishing. Those are really important because there is role-modelling. We have very strong male elders, strong male leaders, strong chiefs, who come in and role model how to treat a woman, how to treat a family, and what is key. That has proven to be very successful.
Within the urban setting in Prince George, we also have Young Warriors—a bunch of young teenage men who are speaking out against violence. They're doing these activities and they're bringing that message forward. That has proven to be very successful.
As well, the key part within family preservation is to ensure that the men, the fathers, also have a voice, and that there are also services for them. As you know right now the AFN and first nation communities are looking at a human rights court case involving the disparity in funding for on-reserve versus off-reserve child and family services. The key thing is that you need to ensure those programs within Canada, within first nation communities, are funded to provide prevention. That is where you have the men who are part of the society. They're not looked down on with disdain. We have to re-empower our men as part of the solution.