As a general point, our research at OECD, where we have looked in great detail at fertility rates and the numbers of babies women are having, has clearly shown that it is the countries that most easily enable women to combine a career with having children that have the highest birth rates. Within Europe the birth rates are higher in Sweden, France, and the U.K. than they are in Italy, Spain, and Germany, for example. In those countries it is very difficult, for various reasons; in some cases the reasons are social. In the case of Germany, it is for the physical reason that the school day ends at lunchtime, which makes it much more difficult to work than in other countries. We also see Japan as another country where it is very, very difficult for women to have a career and have children.
If you draw a graph, it gives a very clear picture that across OECD countries, the higher the participation of women in paid work, the higher the number of children they have. For some people, that sounds rather the wrong way round; you would expect that women would have more children in countries where they didn't work so much, but in fact that is not the case. There's a very clear pattern.