Canada is an outlier in two ways, firstly in that the poverty rate is very low. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and New Zealand are the only countries that have a lower old age poverty rate than Canada. In Canada, I mentioned, the number is about 4%; for the U.S., it's about 25%; for Australia and Ireland, it's 30%. So there's a very huge difference.
It is largely explained by the level of OAS and GIS, but also, Canada has the highest proportion of retirement incomes coming from private pensions. Around 50% of retirement incomes come from private sources, mainly from private pensions but also from other private sources. That is a bit above countries such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia, Denmark, which are all in the 40% to 50% range. But the OECD average is that only 20% of incomes in retirement come from private pensions, and the vast majority come from the state.
So Canada is in a very different position from many of the OECD countries.