My opinion would be that a legislated approach would be most likely to actually deliver compliance. Having said that, you can still encounter problems. If you look at U.K., where a gender equality duty was passed in 2007, the government was taken to court by The Fawcett Society and found not to have fulfilled the requirements of the gender equality duty, though the court found that the point was moot. The court that the government hadn't fulfilled its duties, but because of the political climate at the time, that didn't matter anyway.
I think that comes back to some of the points made by the last speaker, Dr. Hankivsky, who said the political climate is incredibly important.
I'll pass it over to the other speakers.