Our collective work, Travail invisible, has a very interesting chapter by Sonia Ben Soltane, a professor at the University of Ottawa. She talks about the journey of immigrant women. Those who come here are mostly from North Africa and Haiti. For them, it's an opportunity to improve their situation. However, we have to wonder what choices are available to them.
Typically, immigrant women will prioritize their spouse's professional advancement as soon as they arrive here. Sonia Ben Soltane pointed this out. They will mostly go for work as caregivers, which requires little training and helps them to integrate very quickly into the working world and get a stable income.
So I think it also has to do with the immigration model and the choices available to these women once they arrive in Canada or Quebec.