I'll answer the first question to start.
Access to child care is fundamental to employment and child care responsibilities.
On the employer side, there is the whole issue of flexibility. It seems to me that over the last few decades this flexibility has been done in a one-way fashion to benefit employers. Employment has become very precarious. Conversely, employers haven't adapted well to the growing presence of women in the labour market. As a result, it's often up to women to shoulder family responsibilities, even if it means taking part-time and lower-paying jobs.
I also think it's necessary overall to—