I can start with the formal and informal. I'm not an expert on political leaders, so you might want to talk to political scientists about that. I'm just going to speak about the military.
In the military, there's also formal and informal leadership, and a lot of the attributes that popular leaders exhibit are ones that conform to the culture, so if you have a toxic, misogynist culture, people who behave that way get ahead and are admired.
Until the culture is changed, unfortunately, with those same kinds of influences, people look up to these leaders. We've had lots of examples where the survivors are intimidated. For the right or wrong reasons, people admire the leaders and they follow them. Until the culture is changed, not much else is going to change, I don't think.