That's a tricky one. I think I'll speak more to culture change. I think certainly one of the key ways to deal with culture change is to change the demographic. That's the idea of bringing the number of women up to 25% and to change leadership.
It's a long process, and the armed forces are very good at short, sharp activities and not very good at long-term activities like culture change. That's why I think you need an external body to hold these leaders to account. If they say one thing and do something else, the external body should be right there saying, “Oops, you didn't do that,” and be able to tell them—not just be able to report it and have them say, “Sorry. We didn't really mean that. We'll try again.”
That gets us back to, if you have effective, independent external oversight with authority to actually compel change, then you might get somewhere.