There are two classes of hate crimes to consider.
For example, some hate crimes are covered by Canada's Criminal Code; these are offences that have actually been committed. Four specific provisions in the Criminal Code apply to certain crimes that are hate-based, such as hateful antisemitic crimes.
There are also more minor incidents, although their consequences are no less serious for a community, such as hate-based incidents involving inappropriate language toward an already racialized or minority group.