I'll go first and speak quickly, sir.
There are two aspects, and one is icebreaking. If you look at the 1980s, on the Great Lakes we had 19 icebreakers between the U.S. and Canadian governments. Currently we have 11. The U.S. has gone from 12 icebreakers down to nine. The Canadian government has gone from seven down to two.
Now, to the credit of both coast guards, they manage it as a single system. There are Americans working in Canadian waters and vice versa. The challenge is that there is simply not enough icebreaking capacity to go around. We had as many as 11 vessels stranded in Whitefish Bay in the winter of 2014. About 20% of the total cargo moves during the ice season, so to me that's the biggest bottleneck, and the biggest opportunity to increase capacity on the system is to increase icebreaking capabilities.
I talked also about integrating the two command centres. On the U.S. side there are three command centres. In Canada there's one: the regional operations centre in Montreal. To me it's a shame that they're not integrated as they are in Vancouver. In Vancouver, the Americans and the Canadians are looking at the same screen. There are three primary reasons for this: safety, security and efficiency. Efficiency smooths the cargo moving back and forth because the Canadians and the Americans are looking at the same picture. In terms of security, it's an operational backup, and then for safety, again, it's the common operating picture. In order for efficient decisions to be made, the Americans and the Canadians have to have the same data.