The case of the Churchill line is an example of the need for climate vulnerability assessment.
In the case of the Churchill line, there was no climate vulnerability assessment undertaken. Therefore, there was not the understanding that with the change in climate, more extreme weather, and a change in weather patterns, that was a very vulnerable area.
If the assessment had been done, it would have been much more clear just exactly how vulnerable the railway was and what kinds of practices—as well as what kinds of mitigation measures—needed to be put into place.