Thank you very much.
Chair, members of the standing committee, clerk and witnesses, good afternoon everyone.
My name is Brad Johnston. I'm the general manager of logistics and planning for Teck Resources. Today I'm joined by my colleague, Alexa Young, head of federal government affairs.
Thank you very much for the opportunity to discuss Teck's view on Bill C-49. Teck is a proudly Canadian diversified resource company. We employ over 7,000 people across the nation. As the country's single largest rail user, and with exports to Asia and other markets totalling close to $5 billion annually, ensuring that this bill enables a transparent, fair and safe rail regime, and one that meets the needs of users and Canadians is of critical importance to Teck.
Throughout the consultation process leading up to this bill's development, Teck has sought to advance balanced solutions to address the significant rail service issues that all sectors have regularly experienced. Perennial rail service challenges have impacted our competitiveness, our national supply chains' long-term economic sustainability, and Canada's global reputation as a trading nation. To put this into perspective, the direct costs attributable to rail service failures incurred by Teck alone have amounted to as much as $50 million to $200 million over 18-month periods in the past decade. These are added costs, of course, that our global competitors do not incur. Foundationally, we believe the solution is a legislative regime that inspires commercial relations in our non-competitive market, while maintaining the railways' abilities to be profitable and operationally flexible. This solution would benefit railways, shippers, and all Canadians.
At the heart of our recommended solution has been the need for a meaningful, granular, and accessible rail freight data regime. We've also advanced a definition of adequate and suitable service that acknowledges the unique monopoly context in which we operate. Teck has offered what we believe to be the only long-term and sustainable solution to addressing the acute imbalance in the railway-shipper relationship, and that is for allowing for real competition in Canada's rail freight market by extending running rights to all persons, including shippers.
What do we mean by “running rights”? Similar to when competition was enabled in the telecommunications sector in Canada, we mean opening the door to competition in the rail sector—in other words, allowing new entrants who meet specific criteria to run a railway. While disappointed that the introduction of real competition isn't addressed in the bill, more so than in any past legislative review, we're strongly encouraged by the bold vision Bill C-49 represents in many of its provisions. These include new reporting requirements for railways on rate, service and performance; a new definition of adequate and suitable rail service; enhanced accessibility to remedies by shippers on both rates and service; and a prohibition on railways from unilaterally shifting liability onto shippers through tariffs.
We also believe that Bill C-49 achieves the right balance in reflecting the needs of various stakeholders, including both shippers and railways. However, it's our view that to meaningfully realize the bill's intent and to strike the balance we believe it seeks to achieve, some minor adjustments will be required. The amendments we propose are meant to address design challenges that will have unintended consequences or that will simply not fulfill the bill's objectives. Our proposed amendments also address the reality that, due to having to rely on one rail carrier for all of the movement of our steelmaking coal and/or because of geographical limitations, some of the major provisions in Bill C-49 aimed at rebalancing the shipper-railway relationship won't apply to certain shippers, including Teck. For instance, the long-haul interswitching provisions aren't an option for our five southeast B.C. steelmaking coal mines, because this region is amongst the vast geographical areas that the provisions simply do not cover. Further, our recommended adjustments reflect Teck's actual experience with existing processes within the act.
On transparency, Bill C-49 goes a long way to addressing service level data deficiencies in our national rail transportation system, deficiencies that have led to business and policy decisions being made in an evidence vacuum. However, we're concerned that, as written, certain transparency provisions will not achieve the objective of enabling meaningful data on supply chain performance to be made available. Of specific concern is the design of the data-reporting vehicle outlined in clause 77(2).
The U.S. model that is being relied on is flawed and doesn't provide the level of reliability, granularity, or transparency required for the Canadian context. First, as the U.S. model is based on internal railway data that is only partially reported, it doesn't represent shipments accurately or completely.
Further, the U.S. model was created when the storage and transmittal of large amounts of data wasn't technologically possible. With the data storage capabilities that exist in 2017, there's no need for such a restriction in either the waybill system for long-haul interswitching outlined in clause 76 or the system for service performance outlined in clause 77. Note that railways are already collecting the required data.
To ensure the right level of service level data granularity is struck to make it meaningful, and to ensure it reflects the unique Canadian rail freight context we operate in, we recommend an amendment that ensures all waybills are provided by the railways rather than limiting reporting to what is outlined in 77(2).
For the ability of the agency to collect and process railway costing data, we believe the bill will significantly improve the Canadian Transportation Agency's ability to collect and process this costing data, enabling it to arrive at costing determinations to ensure the rates shippers pay are fair and justifiable. This is critical to maintaining the integrity of the final offer arbitration process as a shipper remedy to deal with the railways' market power. However, we're concerned that as written, a shipper won't have access to that costing determination, which defeats one of its purposes.
Under the current FOA model, it's the practice of an arbitrator to request an agency costing determination only when the railway and the shipper agree to do so. However, we witness the railways routinely declining to cooperate with shippers in agreeing to make such a request. Bill C-49must limit a railway's ability to decline this request. To ensure the right level of transparency and accessibility is struck so that remedies are meaningful and usable, we recommend that shippers also be given access to the agency costing determination that comes out of this process.
On level of service, we're concerned that the language offered in Bill C-49 for determining whether a railway has fulfilled its service obligations doesn't reflect the reality of the railway-shipper imbalance, given the monopoly context in which we operate in Canada. In proposed subsection 116(1)(1.2), Bill C-49 would require the agency to determine whether a railway company is fulfilling its service obligations by taking into account the railway company's and the shipper's operational requirements and restrictions. The same language is also proposed for how an arbitrator would oversee the level of service arbitrations. This language doesn't reflect the reality that in connection with the service a railway may offer its customers, it's the railway that decides the resources it'll provide. Those decisions include the purchasing of assets, hiring of labour, and building of infrastructure. Any of these decisions could result in one or more restrictions.
As those restrictions are determined unilaterally by the rail carrier, it's not appropriate for those restrictions to then become a goal post in an agency determination. As such, we recommend either striking out the provision or making the restrictions themselves subject to review.
In conclusion, as the failures of past rail freight legislative reviews have demonstrated, despite good intentions, legislative design is critical to enabling those intentions to come to fruition. Getting this bill's design right with a few minor amendments will help Canada shift away from a status quo that has resulted in continued rail freight service failures and led to a proliferation of quick-fix solutions that have picked winners and losers across industries over the past years.
Again, as the biggest rail user in Canada, we believe this is the opportunity to be bold and to set a new course in building a truly world-class rail freight regime in Canada to the benefit of shippers, railways, and all Canadians. Thank you very much, and I look forward to your questions.