Thank you for the opportunity to appear.
FMA has been representing the freight transportation concerns of Canadian industry, including rail, truck, marine, and air cargo, to various levels of government and international agencies since 1916. We're now in our 101st year, and, despite appearances, I was not at the first meeting.
In our remarks today, we will focus primarily on Bill C-49's amendments to the rail shipper sections of the Canada Transportation Act, but we will make brief comments on the proposed amendments to the Railway Safety Act and the Coasting Trade Act.
There are approximately 50 railways in Canada, but the rail freight industry is dominated by the two class 1 carriers, and these two companies account for approximately 90% of Canadian rail freight revenues. The fundamental problem is that there is not effective competition within the railways, and the barriers to new entrants are so high that this situation will not be rectified through market forces.
The best that can be done, therefore, is to provide a legal and regulatory regime that is a surrogate for real competition and that rebalances the bargaining power between the buyers and sellers in the freight market.
While there is limited competition between CN and CP in a few markets, primarily intermodal, for many shippers the rail market can best be characterized as being a dual monopoly rather than even a duopoly; that is, each of CN and CP is the only railway available to shippers at many locations. It should be noted that this is not just a western Canadian problem. I'd like to stress that. This is not just a western Canadian problem, but it exists in the east as well, including in the Quebec-Windsor corridor. Rail freight is not a normally functioning competitive market, and this fact has been acknowledged in railway law in Canada for over 100 years.
The minister, in introducing Bill C-49, stated the objectives of the bill, as follows:
The Government of Canada...introduced legislation to provide a better experience for travellers and a transparent, fair, efficient and safer freight rail system to facilitate trade and economic growth.
Bill C-49 contains a number of provisions that will go some distance to meeting that objective. In its review of the bill, FMA has analyzed the changes that are proposed in Bill C-49 and how well they will play out in practice when shippers attempt to use them. Our recommendations address the places in the bill where our experience indicates that the provisions, as drafted, will not meet the government's stated objectives.
My colleague, Mr. Hume, will refer to the 10 recommendations that we're making on the rail shipper provisions and comment on the policy basis for Bill C-49.
I should mention that Mr. Hume has worked in the law departments of both CN and CP in his career, and for the past 23 years has built a successful practice representing rail shippers before not only the Canadian Transportation Agency, using all the provisions of the act that are in place now, but in the courts, up to and including the Supreme Court of Canada. He has important insights that are somewhat unique, in that he is one of the few people who has been using these provisions over his career.
At the conclusion of Mr. Hume's remarks, unless we run out of time, Madam Chair, I'll comment very briefly on the proposed changes to the Railway Safety Act and to the Coasting Trade Act.
Forrest.