As regards the model, the problem today is that carriers, Nav Canada and the airports are enormously indebted. The pandemic added a considerable amount of it. However, under the Canadian model, the biggest airports pay the federal government rents representing 12% of their revenues, and that money, amounting to $400 million or $500 million, goes into the federal government's coffers and isn't necessarily reinvested.
Consequently, if the federal government takes in hundreds of millions of dollars a year, you may wonder where the necessary funding for our air infrastructure will come from. In the United States and Europe, that's money that the central governments invest because aviation is an essential economic driver.