In terms of some of the fees that a carrier may face, they can include Nav Canada fees, an airport improvement fee and an air travellers security charge. All these fees are charged either at the airport level, such as an airport improvement fee, or through an entity like Nav Canada to make sure the provision of navigation services is supported. There's also an air travellers security charge, which supports the security screening of passengers.
Depending on the type of service, there are a number of different fees that could come into play. What those fees might be could also change based on the route that an air carrier may be flying—international, domestic or even local.