Evidence of meeting #29 for Veterans Affairs in the 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was soldiers.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Roméo Dallaire  Québec
Shay-Lee Belik  Research Assistant, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba
Jitender Sareen  Professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba

5:20 p.m.

Research Assistant, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba

Shay-Lee Belik

I was just going to say that I think one of the personality factors that has kind of come up time and time again, no matter which population you're looking at, is impulsiveness as a risk factor for suicide. Across populations, military and non-military, impulsiveness does seem to predict people who are more likely to be suicidal.

5:20 p.m.

Professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba

Dr. Jitender Sareen

Some of the U.K. folks tried to look at this. At this point, there isn't any evidence that pre-screening.... It makes a lot of sense to do some cognitive therapy or some skills building that helps build resilience prior to deployment. Those kinds of studies are actually very important and necessary, but they haven't been done.

The question of whether training somebody prior to deployment would protect them from getting mental illness is a question that's been asked for a number of years, but no one's actually done a study on that.

What we do know, in general, about what puts people at risk for mental illness and suicide is that suicide is even more difficult to prevent in this kind of way, because suicide is of much lower prevalence than PTSD and depression.

It's very hard to look at that. But people who have gone through a lot of childhood adversity or who have a family history of mental illness and have a genetic loading for it are at the highest risk, generally, of mental illness if there's a stressor in their lives or a relationship loss. But I think it makes it very difficult to screen people out because of that.

5:25 p.m.

Conservative

The Chair Conservative Gary Schellenberger

I have to interject, because we have one more question to come, from Mr. Vincent, and we do have to end in five minutes.

Please, Mr. Vincent, go ahead.

5:25 p.m.

Bloc

Robert Vincent Bloc Shefford, QC

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Ms. Belik, I read in Cyberpresse the article entitled "War does not lead soldiers to suicide". It says in this article that you did not find any increased risk of suicide among soldiers who were deployed as combatants or as peacekeepers. We know of course that the peacekeepers did not have a military mission and did not have the right to use their weapons. Nevertheless some of these soldiers went through certain things in these countries, for instance some of them witnessed rapes and could not intervene, and some of them committed suicide a few years later.

Which leads me to talk about our soldiers who are now deployed in Afghanistan. In the same article it says:

The risk doubles if the soldier witnessed "atrocities", it triples among those who caused accidental deaths, and quadruples among those who killed or injured someone intentionally, for instance by using their weapon in a war zone.

We know that very often soldiers do not have suicidal tendencies when they return from the theatre of operations, but a few years later.

In light of your expertise, I would like to know what recommendations you could make for our veterans. How can we ensure that people who have been in a theatre of operations and witnessed atrocities and all sorts of things, who killed people, can be the object of follow-up, since, as you said, in those particular cases, the risk of suicide can be two, three, or four times greater?

5:25 p.m.

Professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba

Dr. Jitender Sareen

I think it's very important to understand, as you're saying, that with a higher level of exposure to combat and the witnessing of atrocities, there seems to be a “dose” response relationship. If you had a peacekeeping mission in which the soldier didn't see much combat or didn't observe any atrocities, he or she would not have as much of a risk. So you're absolutely right.

The risk usually can be over time. I think, again, awareness by the soldiers and the family members around them and the post-deployment screenings are trying to get at following people after they come back from Afghanistan. Those are ways people can take the highest-risk people and get them into care.

5:25 p.m.

Conservative

The Chair Conservative Gary Schellenberger

Thank you very much. We really appreciate your time spent with this committee today. Thank you for your candid answers.

I again thank all the members of this committee for their good questions. Thank you.

The meeting is adjourned.